N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law Section 190.40
Grand jury

  • witnesses, compulsion of evidence and immunity

1.

Every witness in a grand jury proceeding must give any evidence legally requested of him regardless of any protest or belief on his part that it may tend to incriminate him.

2.

A witness who gives evidence in a grand jury proceeding receives immunity unless:

(a)

He has effectively waived such immunity pursuant to section 190.45; or

(b)

Such evidence is not responsive to any inquiry and is gratuitously given or volunteered by the witness with knowledge that it is not responsive.

(c)

The evidence given by the witness consists only of books, papers, records or other physical evidence of an enterprise, as defined in subdivision one of section 175.00 of the penal law, the production of which is required by a subpoena duces tecum, and the witness does not possess a privilege against self-incrimination with respect to the production of such evidence. Any further evidence given by the witness entitles the witness to immunity except as provided in subparagraph (a) and (b) of this subdivision.

Source: Section 190.40 — Grand jury; witnesses, compulsion of evidence and immunity, https://www.­nysenate.­gov/legislation/laws/CPL/190.­40 (updated Sep. 22, 2014; accessed Jun. 9, 2025).

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Verified:
Jun. 9, 2025

Last modified:
Sep. 22, 2014

§ 190.40’s source at nysenate​.gov

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