N.Y.
Uniform Commercial Code Law Section 12-102
Definitions
(a)
In this article:(1)
“Controllable electronic record” means a record stored in an electronic medium that can be subjected to control under Section 12-105. The term does not include a controllable account, a controllable payment intangible, a deposit account, an electronic copy of a record evidencing chattel paper, an electronic document of title, electronic money, investment property, or a transferable record.(2)
“Qualifying purchaser” means a purchaser of a controllable electronic record or an interest in a controllable electronic record that obtains control of the controllable electronic record for value, in good faith, and without notice of a claim of a property right in the controllable electronic record. In the case of a controllable electronic record that would be a “draft” or a “note”, as those terms are defined in Section 3--104, if the controllable electronic record were a signed writing, Section 3--304(7) applies to the determination of whether a purchaser obtains control of the controllable electronic record without notice of a claim of a property right in it as if the reference in that subsection to “the instrument” referred to the controllable electronic record. The preceding sentence applies even if the controllable electronic record contains a term by which an obligor or account debtor on the controllable account or controllable payment intangible evidenced by the controllable electronic record waives or agrees not to assert against an assignee of the controllable electronic record any claim or defense that the obligor or account debtor may have against the assignor.(3)
“Transferable record” means an electronic record that either: (A) is a “transferable record” under Section 201(a)(1) of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7021(a)(1), as amended; or, (B) is governed by the law of any State that has enacted or adopted the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act substantially as approved and recommended for enactment in all the States by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1999 and is a “transferable record” under Section 16(a) of that Act.(4)
“Value” has the meaning provided in Section 3-303(a), as if references in that subsection to an “instrument” were references to a controllable account, controllable electronic record, or controllable payment intangible.(b)
Definitions in other articles. The following definitions in other articles apply to this article:(1)
The definitions in Article 9 of “account debtor”, “controllable account”, “controllable payment intangible”, “chattel paper”, “deposit account”, “electronic money”, and “investment property” apply to this article.(2)
Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article. * NB Effective June 3, 2026
Source:
Section 12-102 — Definitions, https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/UCC/12-102 (updated Dec. 12, 2025; accessed Dec. 13, 2025).
