N.Y. Penal Law Section 170.45
Criminal simulation

A person is guilty of criminal simulation when:

1.

With intent to defraud, he makes or alters any object in such manner that it appears to have an antiquity, rarity, source or authorship which it does not in fact possess; or

2.

With knowledge of its true character and with intent to defraud, he utters or possesses an object so simulated. Criminal simulation is a class A misdemeanor.

Source: Section 170.45 — Criminal simulation, https://www.­nysenate.­gov/legislation/laws/PEN/170.­45 (updated Sep. 22, 2014; accessed Feb. 28, 2026).

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Verified:
Feb. 28, 2026

Last modified:
Sep. 22, 2014

§ 170.45. Crim. simulation's source at nysenate​.gov

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