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  4. Art. 81

Article 81
Costs Generally

Sections

8101
Costs in an action
8102
Limitation of costs where action brought in higher court
8103
Costs where parties prevail upon separate issues
8104
Costs in consolidated, severed or removed action
8105
Costs where more than one plaintiff or defendant
8106
Costs upon motion
8107
Costs upon appeal
8108
Specification of denial or award of costs
8109
Defendant's costs against the state
8110
Costs against a fiduciary
 



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Location: https://newyork.public.law/laws/n.y._civil_practice_law_and_rules_article_81

Blank Outline Levels

The legislature occasionally skips outline levels. For example:

(3) A person may apply [...]
(4)(a) A person petitioning for relief [...]

In this example, (3), (4), and (4)(a) are all outline levels, but (4) was omitted by its authors. It's only implied. This presents an interesting challenge when laying out the text. We've decided to display a blank section with this note, in order to aide readability.

Trust but verify.

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